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/*

*********************************************************************************

* J.M. Evers 3/2012                                                             *

* This is all amateur scriblings... So no copyrights.                           *

* This source code file, and compiled objects derived from it,                  *

* can be used and distributed without restriction, including for commercial use *

* No warrenty whatsoever                                                        *

*********************************************************************************

20/6/2012

Corrected significance flaw when using prefixes

Simplified routines

Added type = 5 : prefix-notation with words (nano,mega,giga...etc)

12/11/2012

Added support for numbers like  12345*10^12

12345*10^12 --> 12345E12 ---> 1.2345*10^16

18/10/2012 :

Added Mathml output

Added option significance=-1

To be used when there is no significance known ; just tries to print the number in science notation

Using the original amount of digits used in "number" argument

!exec scienceprint 123.445000e+23,-1 --> 1.23445000*10^25

27/9/2013

Correct rounding in stead of truncation...

*********************************************************************************

WIMS usage:

sci_num = !exec scienceprint number,significance,type

number: a number

significance : desired precision

type (optional args): calc = 0 / html = 1 / latex = 2  / prefix = 3  / mathml = 4

default  : calc   notation : 120000,3   -> 1.20*10^5

type = 0 : calc   notation : 120000,3,0 -> 1.20*10^5

type = 1 : html notation   : 120000,3,1 -> 1.20&times;10<sup>5</sup>

type = 2 : latex notation  : 120000,3,2 -> 1.20 \times 10^{5}

type = 3 : prefix-notation : 120000,3,3 -> 120.0 k

type = 3 : if -24 > prefix > 24         -> type = 1 (html)

type = 4 : mathml notation

multiple conversion: use space between arguments

scienceprint 120000,4 122900,5 120036,6,3 --> 120.0*10^3,122.90*10^3,120.036 k

24  yotta       Y

21  zetta       Z

18  exa         E

15  peta        P

12  tera        T

9   giga        G

6   mega        M

3   kilo        k

2   hecto       h

1   deca        da

-1  deci        d

-2  centi       c

-3  milli       m

-6  micro       µ

-9  nano        n

-12 pico        p

-15 femto       f

-18 atto        a

-21 zepto       z

-24 yocto       y

*/

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#define MICRO "µ"

#define MAX_CONV 256

#define MAX_STRING 32

#define PREFIX_START -24

#define PREFIX_END 24

char *str_replace ( const char *word, const char *sub_word, const  char *rep_word ){

    if(strlen(word) > MAX_STRING){return NULL;}

    char *part_word = NULL;

    char *new_word = NULL;

    char *old_word = NULL;

    char *head = NULL;

    /* if either sub_word or rep_word is NULL, duplicate word a let caller handle it */

    if ( sub_word == NULL || rep_word == NULL ) return strdup(word);

    new_word = strdup (word);

    head = new_word;

    while ( (part_word = strstr ( head, sub_word ))){

        old_word = new_word;

        new_word = malloc ( strlen ( old_word ) - strlen ( sub_word ) + strlen ( rep_word ) + 1 );

        /*failed to alloc mem, free old word and return NULL */

        if ( new_word == NULL ){

          free (old_word);return NULL;

        }

        memcpy ( new_word, old_word, part_word - old_word );

        memcpy ( new_word + (part_word - old_word), rep_word, strlen ( rep_word ) );

        memcpy ( new_word + (part_word - old_word) + strlen( rep_word ), part_word + strlen ( sub_word ), strlen ( old_word ) - strlen ( sub_word ) - ( part_word - old_word ) );

        memset ( new_word + strlen ( old_word ) - strlen ( sub_word ) + strlen ( rep_word ) , 0, 1 );

        /* move back head right after the last replacement */

        head = new_word + (part_word - old_word) + strlen( rep_word );

        free (old_word);

    }

    return new_word;

}

char *printscience(double value, int sig, int format , int cnt ,int size){

    static char *min[] = {"","m",MICRO,"n","p","f","a","z","y"};

    static char *plus[] = {"","k", "M", "G", "T", "P", "E", "Z", "Y" };

    static char *min_word[] = {"","milli","micro","nano","pico","femto","atto","zepto","yocto"};

    static char *plus_word[] = {"","kilo", "mega", "giga", "tera", "peta", "exa", "zetta", "yotta" };

    char *sign = NULL;char *prefix = NULL;

    int exponent10 = 0;

    int factor = pow(10,sig);

    int use_word = 0;if(format == 5){format = 3; use_word = 1;} /* switch to using words in stead of prefix  */

    if(value < 0.0) {sign = "-";value = -value;sig--;} else {sign = "";}    if( sig == -1 ){

     /*

     no significance truncations...just science notation 1234 -> 1.234*10^3

     try (!) to use same amount of digits

     */

        sig = size;

        if(format == 3){format = 1;} /* never prefix --> html notation */

    }

    if(value == 0){fprintf(stdout, "%s%.*f", sign, sig-1, value);return NULL;} /* no need to go further */

    if(value>1){

        while(value >= 10){

            value=value / 10.0;

            exponent10++;

            /* need to set a limit to number of while loops ! */

            if(exponent10 > 100){fprintf(stdout,"error : number too big (exponent > 100)\n");return 0;}

        }

    }

    else /* 0 < value < 1 --> exponent10 < 0 */

    {

        while(value < 1){

            value=value*10;

            exponent10--;

            /* need to set a limit to number of while loops ! */

            if(exponent10 <-100){fprintf(stdout,"error : number too small (exponent < -100)\n");return 0;}

        }

    }

    /* 27/9/2013 avoid truncating and do normal rounding...grrr */

    value = (round(factor*value))/factor;

    if(format == 3 && ((exponent10 < PREFIX_START) || (exponent10 > PREFIX_END))){

        format = 1; /* not in my list of prefixes ; print in html ! */

    }

    sig = sig - 1; /* "%.*f" counts the "." */

    if(cnt > 1){fprintf(stdout,",");}/* more than one conversion to do : make list */

    int idx=0;int exp=0;

    if(exponent10 == 0){format = 6;} /* no need for 2*10^0 */

    if(sig < 0){sig = 0;} /* better be safe than sorry... */

    switch(format){

        case 0: fprintf(stdout, "%s%.*f*10^%d", sign, sig, value, exponent10);break;

        case 1: fprintf(stdout, "%s%.*f&times;10<sup>%d</sup>", sign, sig, value, exponent10);break;

        case 2: fprintf(stdout, "%s%.*f \\times 10^{%d}", sign, sig, value, exponent10);break;

        case 3:

/*

1,1,3 -> 1

10,1,3 -> 1*10^-2 k

100,1,3 -> 1*10^-1 k

1000,1,3 -> 1 k

10000,1,3 -> 1*10^1 k

100000,1,3 -> 1*10^2 k

1000000,1,3 -> 1 M

10000000,1,3 -> 1*10^1 M

100000000,1,3 -> 1*10^2 M

1000000000,1,3 -> 1 G

1,1,3 -> 1

0.1,1,3 -> 1*10^-1

0.01,1,3 -> 1*10^-2

0.001,1,3 -> 1 m

0.0001,1,3 -> 1*10^-1 m

0.00001,1,3 -> 1*10^-2 m

0.000001,1,3 -> 1 µ

0.0000001,1,3-> 1*10^-1 µ

0.00000001,1,3-> 1*10^-2 µ

0.000000001,1,3-> 1 n

*/

        exp = exponent10%3;

        idx = round(exponent10/3);

        if( exponent10 > 0  ){

            if(use_word == 0 ){ prefix = plus[idx]; } else { prefix = plus_word[idx]; }

        }

        else

        {

            if(use_word == 0){ prefix = min[-1*idx]; } else { prefix = min_word[-1*idx]; }

        }

        if( exp == 0){

            fprintf(stdout, "%s%.*f %s",sign, sig, value,prefix);

        }

        else

        {

            fprintf(stdout, "%s%.*f&times;10<sup>%d</sup> %s", sign, sig, value, exp, prefix);

        }

        break;

        case 4: fprintf(stdout, "<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><mstyle id=\"wims_mathml\" mathsize=\"110%%\"><mn>%s%.*f</mn><mo>&times;</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>%d</mn></msup></mstyle></math>", sign, sig, value, exponent10);break;

        case 5: break;

        case 6: fprintf(stdout, "%s%.*f",sign,sig,value);break;

        default: break;

    }

    return NULL;

}

int main( int argc , char *argv[]){

    if( argc < 2){

        fprintf(stdout,"syntax error : number1,significance1,type1 number2,significance2,type2 ... number_n,significance_n,type_n \n");

        return 0;

    }

    double number = 0;

    int significance = 0,type = 0,idx = 0,cnt = 1,size = 0;

    char *input = "\0",*ptr = "\0";

    /* test for illegal characters */

    const char *invalid_characters = "\n\"\'!=ABCDFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdfghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz@#$%&()[]{};:~><?/\\|";

    /* Ee +- are allowed : 12.34e+05  12.34e-08 */

    /* walk through argument 1 to end, and call function scienceprint(a,b,c) */

    input = argv[cnt];

    while( input != NULL ){

        if(cnt > MAX_CONV){fprintf(stdout,"\nerror: number of conversions exceeds limit of %d\n",MAX_CONV);return 0;}

        while (*input){ /* loop through invalid chars. */

            if ( strchr(invalid_characters, *input) ){

                fprintf(stdout,"\nerror : illegal character \"%s\" \n",input);

                return 0;

            }

            input++;

        }

        /* reset input to actual value */

        input = argv[cnt];

        ptr = (char *) strtok(input,",");

        idx = 0;

        type = 0;

        size = 0;

        while( ptr != NULL ){

            switch( idx ){

                case 0:

                        /* size only interesting when 'significance=-1'

                         determine number of digits : 1.23445e+23 -> size = 6

                        */

                        size = strlen(ptr);

                        if( strstr(ptr,".") != NULL){size = size - 1 ;}

                        if( strstr(ptr,"*10^") != NULL){

                            ptr = str_replace(ptr,"*10^","E");

                            if(ptr == NULL){

                                fprintf(stdout,"error : in replacement of 10^ notation\n");

                                return 0;

                            }

                            size = size - 3;

                        }

                        if( strstr(ptr,"E") != NULL){size = size - strlen(strstr(ptr,"E"));}

                        if( strstr(ptr,"e") != NULL){size = size - strlen(strstr(ptr,"e"));}

                        number = atof(ptr);

                        break;

                case 1: significance = atoi(ptr);  break;

                case 2: type = atoi(ptr); if(type < 0 || type > 5 ){type = 0;} break;

                default: break;

            }

            idx++;

            ptr = (char *) strtok(NULL,",");

        }

        /* number and precision are mandatory:  default type=0  */

        if( idx < 2 || idx > 3){fprintf(stdout,"\nsyntax error : number1,significance1,type1 number2,significance2,type2 ... number_n,significance_n,type_n \n");return 0;}

        /* call conversion routine */

        printscience(number, significance, type , cnt , size);

        cnt++;

        input = argv[cnt];

    }

    fprintf(stdout,"\n");

    return 0;

}